Az empíria alapú tehetségkutatás megjelenése hazánkban a 20. század első harmadában

Abstract

With this paper, my aim is to launch a series that focuses on the concept of talent and the interpretative framework of the concept of talent. Without claiming to be exhaustive, I will describe the course of change in the concept of talent over time, focusing on the following questions: How has the focus of studies on giftedness changed over time? How has the focus of talent research changed over time? What role did politics and ideologies linked to politics play in the work of talent education? How was talent management put into practice? My first paper begins with an account of the early stages of giftedness research, based on empirical studies and scientifically assessable, and takes the reader back to the 1940s. The focus of my investigation is the history of Hungarian talent education in the Horthy era. According to Csíkszentmihályi, the development of talent is influenced by three factors. First of all, there are personal characteristics, some of which are inherited, others are formed during the development of the individual. Second, cultural expectations, a set of "rules that define the range of things that are meaningful and valuable."  And finally, the recognition and support of society, which is essential if talent is to emerge and benefit society. After all, it is up to the people and institutions that make the decisions to set priorities, to decide what is valuable in a given situation, and therefore what should be supported. The factors outlined by Csíkszentmihályi above also hint at the complexity of the meaning of the word 'talent', since its content has changed both from age to age and from culture to culture.  In other words, talents must be seen as social phenomena, since evaluation is based on the perceived or real positive values of a given society in order to identify the qualities that we call good. In this paper, I would like to show how the issue of giftedness has emerged on the academic scene and how it has become a focus of attention from the 1900s to 1945. The aim of our work is to present the history of the National Hungarian Village Talent Rescue (OMFT), a scholarship programme for elementary school students. We would like to shed light on the political and social processes that were decisive factors in the creation of the scholarship. The relevance of our research is shown by the fact that no researcher has so far investigated the organisational functioning of the OMFT. Thus, our aim is to explore the history of the scholarship programme for primary school pupils using the available sources.